The year 2015 will mark 150 years since the end of the Civil War and the enactment of the Thirteenth Amendment, the first of the Reconstruction Amendments. It marks the fiftieth anniversary of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the most significant federal voting bill in history and the subject of recent substantial judicial review in Shelby County v. Holder. And it marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of Employment Division v. Smith, a Free Exercise Clause case that sparked a quarter-century battle between Congress and the judiciary on the proper scope of legislative authority under the Reconstruction Amendments on matters ranging from the rights of the disabled to age discrimination. This panel will examine this power under Reconstruction Amendments from a variety of perspectives.